How To Write Fiction: A Guardian Masterclass
Tags: #writing #fiction #creativity #publishing
Authors: Geoff Dyer, Jill Dawson, Andrew Miller, Rachel Cusk, Meg Rosoff, DBC Pierre, Adam Foulds, Kate Mosse, Mark Billingham, Clare Conville, Francis Bickmore, Roderick Gordon
Overview
This book is a guide for aspiring fiction writers, covering all aspects of the writing process, from developing characters and plot to revising and getting published. We, the authors assembled for this masterclass, offer our insights and advice on how to craft compelling stories, drawn from our own experiences and those of other successful writers. We explore the challenges and rewards of writing fiction, emphasizing the importance of finding one’s unique voice, understanding point of view, crafting believable dialogue, and creating vivid descriptions. We also discuss the often-overlooked importance of plot, providing practical advice on how to develop a sturdy framework on which to hang your words. This book provides warm-up exercises and workshops to help you get started and explore different techniques. We delve into the often-misunderstood concept of point of view, explaining how to use it effectively to create authentic and resonant work. We reveal the secrets of crafting believable dialogue, sharing hard-won techniques for writing fluid, believable conversations that reveal character and move the plot forward. We also provide practical advice on mastering the art of description, showing how to choose words precisely to create vivid, immersive scenes that draw the reader into the world of the story. We debunk the myth that good writing is about fancy language, instead emphasizing the importance of connecting with your subconscious mind to achieve ‘throughness’, a state of open, graceful exchange between the conscious and subconscious that allows for unexpected, surprising, and powerful writing. We share our insights on how to revise and rewrite effectively, distilling your novel to its essential core. We demystify the process of publication, offering practical advice on preparing submissions, finding an agent, and understanding the mindset of editors and publishers. We also discuss the growing trend of self-publication, providing tips and insights for writers who choose to go this route. Whether you’re just starting out or have been writing for years, we hope this book will help you find the advice and inspiration you need to sit down today and write.
Book Outline
1. Introduction
There are no hard and fast rules for writing fiction, and writers should focus on their strengths rather than worrying about their weaknesses. Every writer has limitations, and these limitations often shape their work in unique and interesting ways. Reading is essential for writers, both during their apprenticeship and throughout their careers, as it provides inspiration and helps them understand how other writers have approached similar challenges.
Key concept: “Writing is a natural process … We are, all of us, geared up for it … But no one writes for long without understanding that they are entering mystery …”
2. Getting Started
New writers should just dive in and start writing without waiting for the perfect time or worrying about producing a masterpiece. It’s important to embrace the obsessive nature of writing and use it to fuel research and keep the material fresh. The beginning of a novel is often the hardest part to write, but it’s also the most important. Writers should experiment with different openings and not be afraid to pare away early drafts.
Key concept: “For a writer there is no such thing as an exemplary life … Certain writers do good work at the bottom of a bottle. The outlaws generally write as well as the bankers, though more briefly. Some writers flourish like opportunistic weeds by hiding among the citizens, others by toughing it out in one sort of desert or another.”
3. Character
Strong characters are essential to good fiction. Writers can draw inspiration for characters from their own lives and experiences, but they shouldn’t be afraid to invent new characters as well. The process of creating convincing characters is ultimately about understanding what it means to be human.
Key concept: “First off (and at the risk of being punched in the face by some follower of the nouveau roman school), let it be loudly asserted that character, strong characters, are at the heart of all great literature and always will be.”
4. Point of View
Point of view is a fundamental aspect of fiction writing, as it reflects the way we experience the world as individuals with unique perspectives. Writers need to be careful not to confuse their own point of view with objective truth. The most effective use of point of view involves establishing a clear distinction between the perceiver and the object perceived, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions.
Key concept: “The human subject evolves from infancy out of its ability to distinguish itself from what it is not.”
5. Voice
A writer’s voice is not a superficial quality that can be manufactured, but rather a deep reflection of their personality, experiences, and understanding of the world. Finding one’s voice requires self-knowledge and a willingness to confront difficult truths about oneself and the world. Connecting with the subconscious mind allows for a more powerful and resonant voice.
Key concept: “There is nothing superficial, however, about voice when used in the context of writing. Your writing voice is the deepest possible reflection of who you are.”
6. Dialogue
Dialogue is the lifeblood of a novel, and it should be written in a way that is both natural and engaging. Writers should strive for concision, avoiding unnecessary words and repetition. Dialogue should also be used to reveal information about characters and plot, rather than simply telling the reader what is happening. Indirectness can be an effective tool in dialogue, as it creates a sense of mystery and allows readers to draw their own conclusions.
Key concept: “Show, don’t tell”
7. Description
Description in fiction should be vivid and immersive, capturing the essence of lived experience. Writers should choose their words carefully, using precise language and sensory details to bring their descriptions to life. Description should also be purposeful, serving to advance the plot or reveal something about the characters or setting.
Key concept: “Description is a violent act. A painting, said Picasso, is ‘a horde of destructions’.”
8. Plot
Plot is an essential element of fiction, providing a framework for the story and keeping readers engaged. While some writers may view plotting as restrictive, a well-constructed plot can actually enhance the power of characterization, dialogue, and description. A good plot should be plausible, with characters behaving in a way that is consistent with their motivations and the world of the story.
Key concept: “Yet a good plot is exactly what draws me to a novel in the first place. And keeps me there.”
9. Revising & Rewriting
Revising and rewriting are essential parts of the writing process, and every successful writer knows that their first drafts are rarely perfect. Writers should be willing to cut unnecessary words and phrases, remove cliches and failed similes, and experiment with different ways of presenting their material. The goal of revision is to distill the novel to its essential core, making it as clear, concise, and engaging as possible.
Key concept: “If it sounds like writing, I rewrite it.”
10. Publication
Getting a book published is a challenging process that requires timing, tenacity, and a willingness to view one’s work as a commodity. Writers should be prepared to edit their work extensively, seek feedback from others, and research potential agents and publishers. Publication is not the only worthwhile outcome of writing, and writers should be clear about their motivations before embarking on the journey to publication.
Key concept: “Writing is no job for grown-ups. We do it because not doing it makes us feel worse.”
11. Self-publication
Self-publishing has become a viable option for writers, thanks to advances in digital printing and online publishing tools. Authors who choose to self-publish should be prepared to take on the responsibilities of editing, design, and marketing. While self-publishing can be a rewarding experience, it’s important to go into it with realistic expectations. Ultimately, the decision of whether to self-publish or pursue traditional publishing is a personal one.
Key concept: “Our book wasn’t just a good story, it was going to be an art object.”
Essential Questions
1. What constitutes a writer’s ‘voice’, and how can an aspiring author discover and develop their own?
The book argues that finding your unique voice is crucial and that it comes from a place of deep self-knowledge. It involves understanding your personality, your life experiences, and even your subconscious thoughts and fears. This deep connection allows for a powerful, resonant voice that captivates readers. The book encourages writers to explore themselves honestly and not be afraid to confront difficult truths, as this authenticity will enrich their writing.
2. How does point of view shape a story, and what are the considerations for choosing the most effective perspective?
The book highlights the limitations and strengths of different points of view, such as first, second, and third person, emphasizing that each offers unique possibilities and constraints. It argues that understanding point of view is not merely about adhering to grammatical rules but about reflecting the way we experience and perceive the world as individuals. The key takeaway is that a writer should consciously choose the point of view that best serves their story and purpose, creating a sense of authenticity and resonance with the reader.
3. Why is plot essential in fiction, and what differentiates a good plot from a bad one?
While many associate plot with formulaic or commercial writing, the book argues that a well-crafted plot is fundamental to good storytelling, regardless of genre. Plot provides a framework on which to hang the other elements of a story - character, dialogue, description - allowing them to shine more brightly. A good plot is not a straitjacket but a skeleton that provides structure and direction, enhancing the reader’s engagement and making the story feel purposeful and satisfying.
4. What are the techniques for writing believable dialogue that both reveals character and moves the plot forward?
The book reveals the craft behind seemingly effortless dialogue, emphasizing that natural speech often requires skillful editing and manipulation to work effectively on the page. Concision is key, as is the use of dialogue to ‘show’ rather than ‘tell’. The authors offer practical techniques for writing believable dialogue, such as breaking sentences with attributions, using action to reveal character, and employing speech tags to eliminate repetitive ‘he said, she said’ constructions. They also highlight the importance of indirectness, as it creates a sense of mystery and allows readers to actively engage with the story.
5. How can a writer master the art of description, creating vivid, immersive scenes that enhance the reader’s experience?
The book suggests that powerful descriptions go beyond mere observation and involve a process of ‘submission’ to the world, a deep immersion in the sensory details and emotional resonance of experience. Authors should choose their words with precision, using spatial details, sensory alertness, and musicality to create vivid, immersive scenes that resonate with the reader. Description should be purposeful, serving to advance the plot or reveal something about the characters or setting, rather than simply being decorative or indulgent.
Key Takeaways
1. Embrace the Complexity of Human Behavior
The book emphasizes the power of understanding the deeper motivations and complexities of human behavior. When writing characters, it’s not enough to simply describe their actions or physical attributes. Delve into their inner lives, explore their hopes, fears, and contradictions. This depth of understanding will make your characters feel real and relatable, drawing the reader into their world.
Practical Application:
In product design, understanding your users’ needs and motivations is crucial for creating successful products. Instead of simply listing features, consider the user’s journey and how your product can seamlessly integrate into their lives. Focus on the ‘why’ behind their actions, and design your product to address their underlying needs and desires.
2. Confront Uncomfortable Truths
The book encourages writers to engage in deep self-reflection and to confront uncomfortable truths about themselves and the world. This honesty and introspection are essential for developing a strong, authentic voice and creating work that resonates with readers. By grappling with difficult questions and exploring the complexities of human nature, writers can produce more meaningful and impactful work.
Practical Application:
When developing a new technology, consider not only its functionalities but also its potential impact on society. Explore the ethical implications, the potential for misuse, and the broader societal consequences. Engaging in thoughtful and critical analysis of your work, beyond its immediate technical aspects, can contribute to the responsible development of AI and technology.
3. Show, Don’t Tell
Throughout the book, the authors emphasize the power of ‘showing’ rather than ‘telling’. This applies to all aspects of writing, from characterization and dialogue to description. Instead of simply stating facts or emotions, engage the reader’s senses and imagination. Use vivid language, sensory details, and active verbs to bring your story to life.
Practical Application:
Apply this principle to presentations or product demos. Instead of simply listing features, demonstrate how your product or service solves a specific problem or improves a particular process. Engage your audience with a compelling narrative that shows the value and impact of your work.
4. Be Aware of Your Own Biases
The book reminds writers that their work is not created in a vacuum but is shaped by their own experiences, biases, and understanding of the world. It’s crucial to be aware of these influences and to strive for objectivity in your writing, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions rather than imposing your own views.
Practical Application:
In the context of AI, this could mean understanding that AI systems are not infallible and can have unintended consequences. Regularly assess your AI models for biases, errors, and potential vulnerabilities. Implement robust testing and monitoring processes to ensure that your AI systems are performing as intended and are aligned with ethical considerations.
5. Structure Enhances Impact
The book highlights the importance of structure in storytelling, emphasizing that a well-constructed plot can enhance the impact of all the other elements of a story. Whether you plan your plot meticulously or allow it to emerge organically, a clear structure will help guide the reader through your story, creating a sense of momentum and purpose.
Practical Application:
When working on a complex project, break it down into smaller, more manageable tasks. This makes the overall goal feel less daunting and allows for a sense of accomplishment as you complete each stage. Similarly, when presenting information, structure it in a way that is easy to follow and understand, leading the audience through a clear progression of ideas.
Suggested Deep Dive
Chapter: Voice
Meg Rosoff’s discussion of voice, particularly her concept of ‘throughness’ - the open exchange between the conscious and subconscious mind - offers valuable insights that resonate with the creative process in AI. This chapter could inspire AI engineers to explore ways to incorporate more intuitive and less predictable elements into their algorithms, potentially leading to more human-like and creative AI outputs.
Memorable Quotes
“New writers … dive in”. 12
“I urge new writers to dive in. There is never a perfect time to write your novel, though writing students seem to believe there is. Begin today.”
“A kind of organised dreaming”. 25
“At its simplest, its barest, characterisation is about a writer’s grasp of what a human being is. When we set out to write, we do not do so out of a sense of certainty but out of a kind of radical uncertainty. We do not set out saying: ‘The world is like this.’ But asking: ‘How is the world?’”
“Who are you really?”. 46
“There is nothing superficial, however, about voice when used in the context of writing. Your writing voice is the deepest possible reflection of who you are.”
“When all is said and done”. 54
“Natural speech looks unnatural when written.”
“By strength or submission”. 63
“Description masters reality but it can only come after submission to experience, immersion in it.”
Comparative Analysis
Compared to other books on writing fiction, “How to Write Fiction” stands out with its diverse range of voices and perspectives. While many writing guides offer a single author’s viewpoint, this book presents a masterclass of insights from twelve established authors, agents, and editors. This multi-faceted approach exposes readers to a variety of writing styles and philosophies, allowing them to find the advice that resonates most with their own creative process. The book aligns with classic writing advice in its emphasis on the importance of character, plot, and revision, but it also delves deeper into less tangible aspects of writing, such as finding one’s unique voice and connecting with the subconscious mind. Its practical exercises and workshops set it apart from more theoretical writing guides, offering tangible tools and techniques that writers can immediately apply to their own work.
Reflection
This book offers valuable insights for anyone interested in the craft of writing fiction, particularly for aspiring authors navigating the often-daunting world of publishing. While the advice is geared towards fiction, the principles of character development, plot construction, and finding one’s unique voice resonate across various forms of creative expression. However, it’s important to note that the publishing landscape is constantly evolving, and the experiences shared in the book, particularly regarding self-publishing, may not be universally applicable in today’s market. The rise of digital platforms and e-books has significantly altered the dynamics of publishing, creating new opportunities and challenges for writers. While the book offers a solid foundation, aspiring authors should complement their reading with contemporary resources that reflect the current publishing environment. Despite this caveat, the book’s emphasis on the transformative power of storytelling, the importance of self-knowledge, and the enduring allure of a well-crafted narrative remains timeless and relevant for anyone who seeks to bring their stories to life.
Flashcards
What is the most important advice for aspiring writers?
Focus on your strengths, embrace your limitations, and refine your unique style.
How do you overcome the fear of starting a novel?
Jump in and start writing without waiting for the perfect moment. Embrace the messy process and allow yourself to experiment.
What is a writer’s ‘voice’?
A deep reflection of the author’s personality, experiences, and understanding of the world.
What is essential for finding your writing voice?
Self-knowledge and a willingness to confront difficult truths about oneself and the world.
What is point of view in fiction?
The perspective from which the story is told. It shapes the reader’s understanding of events and characters.
How do you effectively use point of view in fiction?
Establish a clear distinction between the perceiver and the object perceived.
What are the key characteristics of good dialogue?
Concise, engaging, and revealing. It should ‘show’ rather than ‘tell’, and use indirectness to create mystery.
How do you write powerful descriptions?
Use spatial details, sensory alertness, and musicality to create vivid and immersive scenes.
What is the function of plot in a novel?
A framework that provides structure, direction, and engagement for the reader.
What is the importance of revising and rewriting?
A crucial part of the writing process, where writers refine their work, distilling it to its essential core.